Glossaire · 58 termes
Le vocabulaire du SI moderne,
décodé.
Les concepts, méthodes et acronymes qui structurent la pratique du DSI moderne — référencés et cross-linkés depuis chaque chapitre du Playbook.
Application
A computer program or set of programs designed to automate a business process or deliver value to end users.
Architecture
Refers to the structure and behavior of IT systems, processes, and infrastructure within an organization.
API
A programming interface that lets two pieces of software exchange data and trigger actions in a structured, predictable way.
AI Agent
A software system driven by an LLM that plans steps, calls tools, and acts to reach a goal — without continuous human input.
ArchiMate
An open standard modeling language for enterprise architecture, maintained by The Open Group, complementary to TOGAF.
BCP (Business Continuity Plan)
Business Continuity Plan: the organizational and technical measures that let a company keep its essential activities running through a major disruption.
Business Capability
What an organization is able to do — independently of how it does it. The foundational pivot of modern enterprise mapping.
CMDB
Configuration Management Database: a central repository that tracks every IT asset — applications, servers, licenses, cloud resources — and the relationships between them.
CIO (DSI)
Chief Information Officer (DSI in French): the executive who runs the IT organization and the information system, aligning technology with business strategy.
Capability Map
Hierarchical representation of an organization's business capabilities, the reference deliverable of enterprise architecture.
Chargeback
Effective internal recharging of IT and cloud costs to the business units that consume them, based on actual measurement.
Configuration Item (CI)
Any component tracked in a CMDB because a change, loss, or misconfiguration would impact an IT service.
Cost Allocation
The practice of assigning every IT expense to a cost center, team, project, or product to enable analysis and accountability.
Data Flow
Describes the path data takes from its original source to its destination point.
DRP (Disaster Recovery Plan)
Disaster Recovery Plan: the technical IT subset of a BCP that describes how to restore the information system after a disruption, within agreed RTO and RPO targets.
DORA
Digital Operational Resilience Act: the EU regulation that imposes strict IT resilience requirements on financial institutions, in force since January 2025.
EAM
Enterprise Architecture Management: a strategic planning discipline to align business and IT landscapes.
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning: software to manage and integrate important business processes.
IT Urbanization (Enterprise Architecture)
An architecture practice that structures the information system into zones, neighborhoods, and blocks to keep it coherent, scalable, and aligned with the business.
IT Mapping
The process of visually delineating an organization's IT infrastructure.
ITSM
IT Service Management: the discipline of designing, delivering, operating and continuously improving IT services so they actually fit what the business needs.
IT Governance
The set of policies, processes, and decision bodies that steer IT investments, risk, and value, and keep the IT estate aligned with business strategy.
IAM
Identity and Access Management: the processes, policies, and technologies that control who accesses what in the IT estate.
ITAM
IT Asset Management: the discipline that tracks the inventory, financial value, and lifecycle of every IT asset across the organization.
ITIL
The international reference framework for IT service management best practices, now in its ITIL 4 release.
ISO 42001
The international standard that defines the requirements for an AI management system (AIMS), published in December 2023.
Rationalization
A strategy used in IT management to identify which applications should be kept, replaced, or consolidated.
RAG
Retrieval-Augmented Generation: an architecture that combines information retrieval with LLM generation to produce answers grounded in verified sources.
Rightsizing
The practice of continuously adjusting IT resource capacity (compute, storage, licenses) to the actual measured need to eliminate over-provisioning.
SaaS
Software-as-a-Service: a cloud software delivery model where a vendor hosts an application and sells access to it by subscription over the Internet.
Shadow IT
IT systems, solutions, and activities carried out within an organization without IT department approval.
Shadow AI
The use of generative AI tools by employees without the approval or oversight of IT, security, legal or compliance functions.
SAM
Software Asset Management: the discipline that governs the lifecycle, compliance, and cost of an organization's software licenses.
SLA
Service Level Agreement: a measurable commitment on the quality of an IT service, with defined indicators (availability, response time, RTO).
SSO
Single Sign-On: an authentication pattern that lets a user log in once to access multiple applications.
SaaS Sprawl
The uncontrolled proliferation of SaaS applications in an organization, generating hidden costs, security risks, and operational complexity.
SBOM
Software Bill of Materials: a detailed, structured inventory of every software component making up an application, including versions and licenses.
Showback
The practice of displaying IT costs to business units without actually charging back, providing transparency and accountability.
Technical Obsolescence
The state in which an IT asset becomes outdated due to technological advances or end of life.
TCO
Total Cost of Ownership: the estimation of all costs associated with an IT asset throughout its lifecycle.
TIME
A model to classify applications: Tolerate, Invest, Migrate, Eliminate.
TOGAF
The Open Group Architecture Framework: the most widely adopted methodology for designing, planning and governing enterprise architecture.
Technical Debt
The future cost of short-term technical shortcuts — in code, architecture, or tooling — that will have to be paid back to keep the IT estate moving.
Target Architecture
The desired state of the IT estate at a 3-5 year horizon, guiding investment arbitration and transformation choices.
Value Stream
An end-to-end chain of activities that creates value for an external or internal customer. The analytical pivot of business-IT performance.
Vendor Management
Structured management of the IT vendor lifecycle: selection, contracting, performance monitoring, risk management, renewal and exit.